2.+b)+Palestinian+groups

Palestinian Groups What is the Palestinian cause? Palestinian political violence refers to acts of violence undertaken to further the Palestinian cause. These political objectives include self-determination in and sovereignty over Palestine, the liberation of Palestine and establishment of a Palestinian state, either in place of both Israel and the Palestinian territories, or solely in the Palestinian territories. Periodically directed toward more limited goals such as the release of Palestinian prisoners, another key aim is to advance the Palestinian right of return.  Palestinian political violence has targeted Israelis, Palestinians, Lebanese, Jordanians, Egyptians and citizens of other countries. The attacks have taken place within and outside Israel and have been directed at both military and civilian targets. Israeli statistics state that 3,500 Israelis have been killed and 25,000 have been wounded as a result of Palestinian violence since the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. These figures include soldiers as well as civilians, including those killed in exchanges of gunfire. Methods used to attack include holding hostages, plane hijackings, stone throwing, stabbing, shootings, and bombings.

Under each of the following headings you are to complete the following in pairs. There are other Palestinian groups such as Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine and Abu Nidal Organisation. Use the websites provided and if you find any others that are relevant add them in.

__** Fatah: **__ Fatah - Jewish Library Fatah - BBC Fatah - Britannica Fatah - Recent

I t was formed in the 1960's. To promote the armed struggle to liberate all Palestine from Israeli control and it was original opposed to the PLO. Yasser Arfat formed the group and became its leader, eventually the group took over the PLO as number increasses and he became the chairman of the PLO. Yes. The Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades were like a military wing for the Fatah. They were involved in many attacks in Jerusalem and areas around it. They took part in many different methods of terrorism such as suicide bombings, remote control mines, Gunmen Ambushes, Open Fire, Kidnapping and even plain and simple murder. They did this to gain media attention and specific peoples attention to promote their beliefs. Yes the group now exist as the PLO, (since 1968) and are still active today.
 * When did the group form? **
 * What is the purpose of the group? **
 * Who formed this group or led it? **
 * Has this group been responsible for any terrorist attacks? **
 * Briefly describe the attack and the groups method. What were they trying to achieve? **
 * Are they active today? **

Palestinian Liberation Organisation: PLO - HLS PLO - Jewish Library PLO - research PLO - Terrorism PLO - Jerusalem Fund Israel and the PLO - BBC

When did the group form? The Palestinian Liberation Organisation was established in May 1964 in Jordan. What is the purpose of the group? The PLO’s primary objective was to gain the land handed by the United Nations to Israel and to “drive the Jews into the sea.” Who formed this group or led it? The organisation led by Yassir Arafat. Has this group been responsible for any terrorist attacks? Yes. The PLO began their militancy campaign with an attack on Israel's National Water Carrier in January 1965 In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, which was the second-largest PLO faction, carried out a number of attacks and plane hijackings mostly directed at Israel.

Briefly describe the attack and the groups method. Methods that the PLO used were plane hijacking, shootings and bombings. These were some of the terrorist attacks that occurred: What were they trying to achieve? Are they active today? Yes.
 * In 1972, the Black September Organisation carried out the Munich Massacre of Israeli Olympic athletes.
 * In 1974, members of the DFLP seized a school in Israel and killed a total of 26 students and adults and wounded over 70 in the Ma'alot massacre.
 * The 1975 Savoy Hotel hostage situation killing 8 hostages and 3 soldiers, carried out by Fatah.
 * The 1978, Coastal Road massacre killing 37 Israelis and wounding 76, also carried out by Fatah.

Hamas: Hamas - BBC Hamas - terrorism Hamas - Jewish Library Hamas - Background When did the group form? Hamas was formed in 1987 at the beginning of the first Palestinian uprising. What is the purpose of the group? They called for establishing an Islamic Palestian State in place of Israel and rejects all agreements made between the PLO and israel.The purpose of this group was improving the lives of the Palestians. Initially the organisation followed the muslim brotherhoods model of acting as a social welfare agency that catered to the Palestians refugees in the Gaza Strip. Another purpose of this group was armed resistance. Who formed this group or led it? Sheikh Ahmed Yassin formed the Hamas group. Has this group been responsible for any terrorist attacks? The beginning of the 1990s they conducted many anti Isrealian attacks in israel. these have included large scale terrosit bomings agaisnt isreali civilian targets aswell as smakll arms attacks in israel, imporvise road side explosive and the lanuching of rockets into israel.Since 2008, ther was one sucide bombing against Israel civillians meant it was classified as a terrosist organisation by Israel. This killed one civilain.they also conducted numerous mortar (Indirect fire weapon) and rocket attacks that injured civiilian Briefly describe the attack and the groups method. What were they trying to achieve? Methods included: large scale bombs, small arms attakcs, imporvise raod explosces, launchiong of rockets, sucide bombings and mortar rocket attakcs. Are they active today? Yes they are active today. Their rockets continue to rain down on isreal and in 2011 after 5 years odf holding shalit in captiovotyu HAmmas negotiated with isreal for his release in exchange for the release of more than 1000 palestinan prinisoner in isreali jais. Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine: PFLP PFLP - BBC PFLP - Jewish Library PFLP - Foreign relations PFLP - ADL When did the group form? What is the purpose of the group? <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Who formed this group or led it? <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Has this group been responsible for any terrorist attacks? <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Briefly describe the attack and the groups method. What were they trying to achieve? <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Are they active today? Black September Organisation: Black September - ME Issues Black September - Munich Black September 1972 Black September group

<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">When did the group form?

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The group was formed on 1971.

<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">What is the purpose of the group?

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The philosophy of the group was as a clandestine wing of al-Fatah. BSO was founded with the objective to average the expulsion of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from Jordan in September of 1970. This time was referred to as “Black September” hence the name chosen by the Black September Organization. They were willing to defy major Arab governments, including the very important Egyptian one. The group targeted the Jordanian ambassador to Britain the following month. But its most notorious attack was the murder of 11 Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics in September 1972.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Who formed this group or led it?

<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">It was created by a breakaway Palestinian faction of Fatah to avenge the loss of Jordan and more directly target Israelis by terrorist means. It was led by Abu Iyad. Their name is from the Black September conflict which began on 16 September 1970 when King Hussein of Jordan declared military rule in response to a seize to his kingdom. This resulted in the deaths or expulsion of thousands of Palestinians from Jordan. They began as a small cell of Fatah men determined to take revenge upon King Hussein and the Jordanian Army. Initially most of its members were dissidents within Fatah who had been close to Abu Ali Iyad, the commander of Fatah forces in northern Jordan who continued to fight the Jordanian Army until he was killed by them on 23 July 1971. It was alleged by them that the Jordanian Prime Minister at the time was personally responsible for his torture and death.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Has this group been responsible for any terrorist attacks?

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Yes.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">28 November 1971: the assassination of Jordan's prime minister, [|Wasfi Tel], in retaliation for the expulsion of the PLO from Jordan in 1970-71;
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">December 1971: attempted assassination of Zeid al Rifai, Jordan's ambassador to [|London] and former chief of the Jordanian royal court;
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">6 February 1972: sabotage of a [|West German] electrical installation and gas plants in [|Ravenstein] and [|Ommen] in the [|Netherlands] and in [|Hamburg] in West Germany;
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">8 May 1972: [|hijacking] of a [|Belgian] aircraft, [|Sabena Flight 572], flying from [|Vienna] to [|Lod].
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">September and October 1972: dozens of letter bombs were sent from [|Amsterdam] to Israeli diplomatic posts around the world, killing Israeli Agricultural Counselor Ami Shachori in Britain. [|[8]]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1 March 1973: attack on the [|Saudi] embassy in [|Khartoum], killing [|Cleo Noel] , [|United States] Chief of Mission to Sudan, [|George Curtis Moore] , the US Deputy Chief of Mission to Sudan, and Guy Eid, the Belgian [|chargé d'affaires] to Sudan
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2 March 1973 [|1973 New York bomb plot]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">5 August 1973: two Palestinian militants claiming affiliation with Black September open fire on a passenger lounge in an [|Athens] airport, killing 3 and wounding 55. A [|Lufthansa Boeing 737] is hijacked in December to demand that the gunmen be freed from [|Greek] custody.

<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Briefly describe the attack and the groups method. What were they trying to achieve?

<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Aims: Upon al-Fatah's decision to dissolve Black September, many of the BSO members joined the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and other active terrorist organizations. Attacks in the name of Black September continued long after the official dissolution. Black September is linked to attacks that occurred as late as 1988. Some terrorism officials believe these attacks were actually carried out by terrorists affiliated with other groups. Regardless, Black September is now inactive.

PLO: History of a Revolution - Episode 1 media type="youtube" key="aGC_hHii1jo?version=3" height="315" width="560" Watch the video above. Open the document below and complete the questions.